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10 Effective Strategies to Help Kids Deal with Cyberbullying

Updated on September 27, 2024
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By Pragya, Posted

10 Effective Strategies to Help Kids Deal with Cyberbullying

Introduction

Cyberbullying refers to the use of digital tools, such as the internet and cell phones, to repeatedly harm someone emotionally or psychologically. This can include sending hurtful texts, sharing embarrassing photos on social media, or spreading mean rumors online. Cyberbullying is a serious issue that can have severe emotional and psychological effects on children.

Addressing cyberbullying is crucial to ensure the well-being of children. Victims often do not report their experiences due to feelings of embarrassment or fear that the situation will worsen. By understanding the nature of cyberbullying and implementing effective strategies, you can help kids deal with cyberbullying more effectively.

This article outlines 10 practical strategies to support children facing cyberbullying:

  1. Reassurance and Support
  2. Encouraging Breaks from Digital Devices
  3. Open Communication with Others Involved
  4. Teaching Specific Actions to Take When Bullied Online
  5. Reporting Procedures for Cyberbullying Incidents
  6. Encouraging Peer Support
  7. Safety Awareness and Digital Literacy
  8. School Involvement in Anti-Bullying Efforts
  9. Developing Emotional Skills
  10. Building Confidence

By applying these strategies, you can provide essential support and guidance to help kids navigate and overcome the challenges posed by cyberbullying.

Understanding Cyberbullying

Understanding cyberbullying is essential for identifying and addressing the issue effectively. Cyberbullying refers to the use of digital tools, such as the internet and cell phones, to repeatedly harm someone emotionally or psychologically.

Different Forms of Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying can manifest in various ways:

  1. Text Messages: Sending hurtful or threatening messages directly to the victim's phone.
  2. Social Media: Sharing embarrassing photos or videos, spreading mean rumors, or creating fake profiles to harass individuals.
  3. Email: Sending derogatory or harmful content directly to a person's email inbox.
  4. Online Forums: Posting negative comments on forums or discussion boards.

Emotional and Psychological Effects

The impact of cyberbullying on children can be profound:

  • Emotional Impact: Victims often experience feelings of embarrassment, isolation, and helplessness.
  • Psychological Effects: Prolonged exposure to cyberbullying can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts.
  • Behavioral Changes: Children may exhibit changes in behavior such as withdrawal from social interactions, decline in academic performance, and avoidance of digital devices.

Recognizing these signs early can help parents and educators provide timely support. Addressing these issues promptly is crucial in mitigating the long-term effects on a child's mental health.

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The Role of Parents in Combatting Cyberbullying

1. Reassurance and Support

Providing emotional reassurance to children who are victims of cyberbullying is crucial in helping them navigate through their distress. When a child experiences online harassment, they often feel isolated and misunderstood. As a parent, you can:

  • Listen actively: Give your child your full attention when they talk about their experiences. This shows that you care and take their feelings seriously.
  • Validate their emotions: Acknowledge the hurt and sadness they feel. Phrases like, "I understand why you're upset" can be very comforting.
  • Stay calm and composed: Your reaction sets the tone for how your child will handle the situation. Remaining calm can help them feel more secure.

Building trust for open dialogue about bullying experiences is vital. Children need to know they can discuss their feelings without fear of judgment or punishment. To foster this trust:

  • Create a safe environment: Ensure that your home is a place where your child feels safe to express themselves.
  • Encourage regular check-ins: Make it a habit to have daily conversations about their online interactions and feelings.
  • Be non-judgmental: Avoid criticizing or blaming your child for the cyberbullying incident. Focus on understanding their perspective.

Implementing these strategies helps in creating a support system where children feel heard and secure, making it easier for them to cope with the emotional toll of cyberbullying.

2. Encouraging Breaks from Digital Devices

In today's digital age, children are constantly connected to their devices, which can make it difficult for them to escape from cyberbullying situations. As a parent, you can encourage breaks from digital devices by:

  • Setting boundaries on screen time: Establishing limits on how much time your child spends online each day can help create a healthier balance between virtual and real-life interactions.
  • Promoting offline activities: Encourage your child to engage in hobbies or sports that do not involve screens. This will not only provide them with an opportunity to disconnect but also boost their self-esteem through non-digital achievements.
  • Leading by example: Show your child that taking breaks from technology is important by practicing it yourself. Spend quality time together as a family without the distraction of screens.

By encouraging breaks from digital devices, parents can help their children regain control over their online experiences and reduce the impact of cyberbullying.

3. Fostering Open Communication with Others Involved

In some cases, addressing cyberbullying may require involving other parties such as teachers, school administrators, or even the parents of the bully. As a parent, you can foster open communication with others involved by:

  • Documenting incidents: Keep records of any evidence related to the cyberbullying incidents such as screenshots or messages exchanged between your child and the bully.
  • Reaching out to relevant authorities: If necessary, contact your child's school or local law enforcement to report the cyberbullying incidents and seek their assistance in resolving the issue.
  • Collaborating with other parents: If you know the parents of the bully, consider having a respectful conversation with them about the situation. They may not be aware of their child's behavior and could play an important role in addressing it.

By fostering open communication with others involved in the bullying situation, parents can work towards finding effective solutions and creating a safer environment for their children.

These practical strategies empower parents to support their children effectively when dealing with cyberbullying situations. Remember that every case is unique, so it's essential to adapt these strategies based on your child's specific needs and circumstances.

4. Encouraging Breaks from Digital Devices

Taking breaks from digital devices can provide significant relief during stressful times caused by cyberbullying. Continuous exposure to harmful content can worsen emotional distress, making it crucial for parents to step in and guide their children towards healthier habits.

Benefits of Taking Breaks:

  • Reduces Stress: Stepping away from screens helps alleviate the immediate pressure and anxiety associated with online bullying.
  • Promotes Mental Health: Time off from digital interactions encourages relaxation and mental clarity, essential for coping with negative emotions.
  • Enhances Physical Activity: Engaging in physical activities instead of screen time fosters overall well-being and distracts from the digital harassment.

Strategies for Encouraging Healthy Device Usage:

  1. Set Specific Times for Breaks: Establish regular intervals when devices must be put aside, promoting a balanced routine.
  2. Encourage Offline Hobbies: Introduce activities like reading, sports, or art to divert attention from screens.
  3. Model Good Behavior: Demonstrate healthy device usage by taking breaks yourself, setting a positive example.
  4. Create Tech-Free Zones: Designate areas in the house where digital devices are not allowed, ensuring a safe space for relaxation.

Incorporating these strategies can help children manage their emotions more effectively and reduce the impact of cyberbullying.

3. Open Communication with Others Involved in the Situation

Effective communication with all parties involved is crucial for resolving cyberbullying incidents. Parents should take proactive steps to engage with the bully's parents or school authorities to address the situation comprehensively.

Steps for Parents:

  1. Initiating Contact: Reach out to the bully's parents calmly and factually, avoiding accusatory language. Present specific instances of cyberbullying and express a desire for a constructive resolution.
  2. Engaging School Authorities: Inform teachers, school counselors, or administrators about the bullying incidents. Schools often have protocols and resources for addressing such issues.
  3. Setting Up Meetings: Arrange meetings with relevant parties—school staff, other parents—to discuss the incidents and collaboratively develop an action plan.

Importance of Collaborative Efforts:

  • Creating Support Systems: Building a network of support involving educators, parents, and children helps create a unified front against bullying. This aligns with strategies outlined in bullying prevention resources.
  • Ensuring Emotional Support for Kids Dealing with Cyberbullying: A collaborative approach reassures children that adults are committed to their safety and well-being. It's vital to support kids involved in these situations emotionally.
  • Developing Consistent Strategies: Open dialogue ensures that everyone involved is on the same page, leading to more consistent and effective interventions.

Active parental involvement can significantly mitigate the effects of cyberbullying, including cyberbullying specifically, and foster a safer environment for children.

Empowering Children Against Cyberbullying: Practical Strategies to Implement Together

Blocking Bullies on Platforms

4. Teaching Specific Actions to Take When Faced With Bullying Online

Empowering children against cyberbullying involves equipping them with practical strategies they can use when confronted with online harassment. Here are some key actions that can be taught to help children effectively manage and respond to cyberbullying:

Blocking Bullies on Platforms

One of the first steps children can take is learning how to block bullies on various digital platforms. Most social media networks, messaging apps, and gaming platforms have built-in features that allow users to block or mute other accounts.

  • Facebook: Go to the bully's profile, click on the three dots on their cover photo, and select Block.
  • Instagram: Navigate to the bully's profile, tap the three dots in the top right corner, and select Block User.
  • Snapchat: Tap on the user's Bitmoji or profile icon, then tap on the three dots in the top right corner and select Block.
  • Gaming Platforms: Similar blocking options are available within most online gaming environments; it’s crucial for kids to know where these settings are.

Saving Evidence for Reporting Purposes

Encouraging kids to save evidence of bullying is vital for reporting purposes. This can include screenshots of hurtful messages, posts, or any other form of cyberbullying. Keeping a record of these incidents provides a tangible basis for reporting the behavior to authorities or platform administrators.

  • Screenshots: Teach children how to take screenshots on their devices—this might involve pressing specific buttons simultaneously or using built-in screen capture tools.
  • Message Logs: Instruct them on how to save logs of conversations or emails that contain bullying content.

Ignoring & Not Retaliating

Ignoring bullies instead of retaliating helps prevent escalation. It’s important for children to understand that responding with anger or similar behavior often exacerbates the situation. Emphasize the importance of staying calm and not giving bullies the reaction they seek.

  • Ignoring Messages: Encourage children to not read or respond to harmful messages.
  • Walking Away from Devices: Sometimes taking a break from devices can help clear their mind and reduce stress.

These actions serve as immediate responses that can help mitigate the impact of cyberbullying. By empowering children with these strategies, you provide them with tools for resilience and self-protection in digital spaces.

Blocking Bullies on Platforms

Blocking bullies on social media platforms is a powerful tool in empowering children against cyberbullying. Teaching specific actions to take when faced with bullying online includes the critical step of blocking the aggressor. This measure can significantly reduce the emotional and psychological toll on your child by preventing further harmful interactions.

Steps to Block Bullies:
  1. Identify the Bully: Encourage your child to recognize and identify the user who is causing distress.
  2. Access Account Settings: Guide them to the account settings or privacy settings of the platform being used.
  3. Locate Blocking Options: Most platforms have an option to block users under settings or directly on the bully’s profile.
  4. Confirm Blocking Action: Ensure they understand how to confirm the block action to prevent any future contact from that user.
Platforms and Blocking Features:
  • Facebook: Go to the profile of the person you want to block, click on the three dots icon, select "Block," and confirm.
  • Instagram: Visit the bully’s profile, tap on the three dots at the top right, choose "Block," and affirm your choice.
  • Twitter: Click on the user's profile, select "More" (three vertical dots), pick "Block," and finalize by confirming.
  • Snapchat: Open a chat with the bully, tap their avatar, hit the three dots icon, select "Block," and confirm.

Blocking bullies not only stops immediate harassment but also sends a clear message that abusive behavior will not be tolerated. This proactive approach arms your child with a straightforward method to maintain their digital well-being and fosters a safer online environment.

Saving Evidence for Reporting Purposes

When teaching specific actions to take when faced with bullying online, one of the most empowering steps you can guide your child through is saving evidence for reporting purposes. This practice not only provides a clear record of the incident but also strengthens their case when addressing authorities or platform moderators.

Why Save Evidence?
  • Validation: Screenshots and saved messages validate the child's experience, providing concrete proof that can be shared with parents, school officials, or law enforcement.
  • Documentation: Keeping a record helps in tracking the frequency and severity of bullying incidents, which is crucial for taking appropriate action.
  • Empowerment: Knowing that they have tangible evidence boosts the child's confidence in seeking help.
Steps to Save Evidence:
  1. Screenshots: Teach your child how to take screenshots on their device. Walk them through capturing both texts and images that are offensive or harmful.
  2. Save Conversations: Encourage them to save entire chat threads if possible. This includes any context that might be relevant.
  3. Email and Cloud Storage: Help them email these screenshots to a secure email account or upload them to cloud storage for easy access later.
  4. Log Details: Maintain a log detailing dates, times, and descriptions of each incident. This can be done in a simple digital document or notebook.
Example Scenario:

Let's say your child receives hurtful messages on social media. They should:

  1. Screenshot the message immediately.
  2. Save the image in a dedicated folder on their device or cloud service.
  3. Note down the date and time of the incident in their log.

By empowering children against cyberbullying with these steps, you're teaching them practical ways to take control of the situation and seek justice effectively.

Additional Resources

For more comprehensive guidelines on preserving evidence in cases of technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV), consider reviewing these best practices. These resources provide valuable insights into maintaining safety while documenting incidents effectively.

5. Reporting Procedures for Cyberbullying Incidents: A Guide for Kids and Parents

Taking action against cyberbullying involves knowing the proper channels to report incidents. This empowers children and provides a structured response, helping to manage the stress caused by online harassment.

1. Identify the Platform

Determine where the bullying is occurring—social media, text messages, gaming platforms, etc. Each platform typically has its own reporting mechanism.

2. Document Evidence

Encourage your child to save screenshots or copies of any offensive messages, posts, or images. This documentation is crucial for substantiating claims when reporting.

3. Use Built-In Reporting Tools

Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have built-in tools to report abusive content. Teach your child how to access these tools:

  • On Facebook, click on the three dots on the post and select "Find support or report post."
  • On Instagram, tap the three dots on the top right of the post and choose "Report."
  • On Twitter, click on the drop-down arrow on the tweet and select "Report Tweet."

4. Inform School Authorities

If the bullying involves schoolmates, contact teachers or school counselors. Schools often have policies in place for handling such situations.

5. Report to Service Providers

For bullying via text messages or phone calls, contact your mobile service provider. They can assist in blocking numbers or taking further action.

6. Seek Legal Advice if Necessary

In severe cases involving threats or ongoing harassment, consulting legal professionals can provide guidance on additional steps.

Empowering children against cyberbullying means providing them with clear actions they can take when faced with online hostility. By understanding and utilizing these reporting procedures, both kids and parents can work together effectively to combat cyberbullying incidents.

Additionally, it's important to understand that cyberbullying can have serious emotional and psychological effects on children. Therefore, it's crucial to take these incidents seriously and act promptly.

Peer Support and Building Community Resilience Against Cyberbullying

6. Encouraging Peer Support as Allies in the Fight Against Online Bullying

Peer support systems against cyberbullying can play a vital role in creating a safer online environment for kids. By fostering a culture where children feel comfortable seeking help from their peers, you can significantly mitigate the emotional and psychological impacts of cyberbullying.

Why Peer Support Matters:

  • Shared Experiences: Children often find it easier to talk about their experiences with friends who may have faced similar issues.
  • Immediate Assistance: Peers are typically more accessible and can provide immediate emotional support during critical moments.
  • Empowerment: Knowing they have allies can empower victims to take action against bullies.

Steps to Encourage Peer Support:

  1. Promote Open Dialogue:
  • Encourage children to openly discuss their online experiences with friends.
  • Create safe spaces, both online and offline, where kids can share their feelings without fear of judgment or retaliation.
  1. Peer Mentorship Programs:
  • Implement mentorship initiatives where older students guide younger ones on how to navigate the digital world safely.
  • Such programs can include workshops on recognizing cyberbullying and strategies for dealing with it effectively.
  1. Building Empathy and Understanding:
  • Educate children about the effects of cyberbullying through group activities and discussions.
  • Use real-life scenarios to help them understand the emotional toll such behavior takes on victims.
  1. Encouraging Bystander Intervention:
  • Teach kids that being a silent bystander is not an option; instead, they should step in to support their bullied peers.
  • Provide them with practical ways to intervene, such as reporting the bullying to adults or comforting the victim.
  1. Creating Peer Support Groups:
  • Form groups dedicated to supporting students facing online harassment.
  • These groups can offer a network of friends who actively work together to tackle bullying incidents.

Practical Examples:

  • Buddy Systems: Pairing up students so they always have someone to turn to when faced with cyberbullying.
  • Support Networks: Establishing student-led forums or clubs focused on anti-bullying efforts.

Encouragement from Schools:

Schools should actively promote these peer support initiatives by:

  • Integrating anti-bullying policies that highlight the importance of peer intervention.
  • Providing training sessions for students on how to be effective allies against cyberbullying.

By leveraging peer support systems, you not only help kids deal with cyberbullying but also build a community of resilience that stands united against online harassment. Peers can become a powerful force in combating cyberbullying when they are equipped with the right tools and knowledge.

Safety Awareness and Digital Literacy: Essential Skills for Kids Navigating the Online World

7. Teaching Safe Digital Practices to Prevent Victimization and Perpetuation of Cyberbullying Behavior

Ensuring kids understand safety awareness and digital literacy against cyberbullying is crucial in today's interconnected world. This involves educating them on how to navigate online spaces safely, recognizing potential threats, and fostering responsible behavior.

Creating Strong Passwords and Privacy Settings

  • Strong Passwords: Encourage children to create complex passwords using a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols.
  • Privacy Settings: Teach them how to adjust privacy settings on social media platforms to control who can view their information and posts.

Recognizing Suspicious Behavior Online

  • Identify Red Flags: Help kids recognize signs of suspicious behavior, such as unsolicited friend requests or messages from unknown individuals.
  • Reporting Mechanisms: Show them how to report inappropriate content or behavior on different platforms.

Understanding the Impact of Their Actions

  • Empathy Development: Discuss the emotional impact that their words and actions can have on others online.
  • Digital Footprint Awareness: Educate them about how their online actions leave a trail that can be traced back to them.

Encouraging Positive Online Interactions

  • Promote Kindness: Advocate for positive interactions by encouraging kids to compliment others and share supportive comments.
  • Role Modeling: Lead by example by demonstrating respectful online communication in your own digital interactions.

Limiting Personal Information Sharing

  • Personal Boundaries: Stress the importance of not sharing personal information like home address, phone number, or school details online.
  • Understanding Risks: Explain potential risks associated with oversharing personal details, such as identity theft or stalking.

Safe Media Consumption

  • Content Filters: Utilize parental controls and content filters to block inappropriate websites.
  • Age-Appropriate Content: Guide children toward age-appropriate media and monitor their online activities regularly.

Building Digital Resilience

  • Critical Thinking Skills: Teach kids to think critically about the information they encounter online and verify facts from reliable sources.
  • Resilience Training: Equip them with strategies for coping with negative experiences online, such as taking breaks from screens or talking to a trusted adult.

Instilling these practices helps children develop digital literacy skills necessary to avoid becoming victims or perpetrators of cyberbullying. By fostering a safe online environment through education, you contribute significantly to building a resilient digital community.

School Involvement in Anti-Bullying Efforts: Collaborating for Effective Solutions Against Cyberharassment

8. Advocating for Comprehensive School Policies That Address All Forms of Bullycide, Including Those Manifested Online

Schools play a crucial role in addressing cyberbullying and ensuring a safe environment for students. By implementing comprehensive anti-bullying policies, schools can effectively combat all forms of bullycide, including those manifested online.

Key elements of effective school policies include:

  1. Clear Definitions and Consequences: Schools need to define what constitutes cyberbullying explicitly and outline the consequences for such behavior. This clarity helps students understand the seriousness of their actions and the implications they carry.
  2. Reporting Mechanisms: Establishing clear reporting mechanisms ensures that victims feel safe and supported when coming forward. Anonymous reporting options can also encourage more students to report incidents without fear of retaliation.
  3. Educational Programs: Integrating digital literacy and empathy-building programs into the curriculum can help prevent cyberbullying. By educating students about the impact of their online behavior, schools foster a culture of respect and kindness.
  4. Training for Staff: Educators and administrators should receive training on recognizing signs of cyberbullying and responding appropriately. This empowers staff to take immediate action when incidents occur, providing timely support to victims.
  5. Parental Involvement: Schools should engage parents in anti-bullying efforts by providing resources and workshops on how to deal with cyberbullying. A collaborative approach ensures that both home and school environments are aligned in supporting affected children.

Examples of successful implementations:

  • Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: This program has been adopted by many schools worldwide. It emphasizes community involvement, continuous monitoring, and regular assessments to create a bully-free environment.
  • KiVa Program: Originating from Finland, KiVa focuses on intervention strategies that involve peers in supporting victims. It has shown significant success in reducing bullying incidents through its comprehensive approach.

Collaborative Efforts:

  1. Engaging Students as Allies: Encouraging students to stand up against bullying creates a supportive peer network. Initiatives like 'peer mentoring' programs or student-led anti-bullying clubs can empower students to take an active role in preventing cyberharassment.
  2. Community Partnerships: Partnering with local organizations or mental health professionals can provide additional support for students dealing with the effects of cyberbullying. These partnerships offer resources that schools might not have in-house but are critical for holistic support.

Effective collaboration between schools, parents, students, and the wider community creates a robust defense against cyberbullying. By advocating for comprehensive policies and fostering a culture of empathy and respect, schools can significantly reduce the impact of online harassment on children’s lives.

Developing Emotional Skills and Building Confidence: Long-Term Strategies to Combat the Effects of Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying can deeply affect a child's emotions and self-esteem. It's crucial for their long-term recovery to develop emotional skills and build confidence against the impacts of being a victim of cyberbullying.

Facilitate open discussions

9. Encouraging Empathy Through Activities for Kids Facing Online Bullying

Empathy is key in helping kids understand and manage their feelings. Activities that promote empathy can be highly effective for children dealing with online bullying.

Benefits of Empathy Training

  • Better Emotional Control: When kids learn to empathize, they become better at controlling their own emotions.
  • Stronger Friendships: Kids who are empathetic tend to have stronger, more supportive friendships, which can help protect them from bullying.
  • Less Aggression: Teaching empathy helps reduce aggressive behaviors, making kids less likely to bully others.

How to Teach Empathy

  1. Role-Playing Scenarios:
  • Get children involved in role-playing activities where they act out different situations involving cyberbullying.
  • Encourage them to think about how the victim might feel and what actions could help resolve the situation.
  1. Group Discussions:
  • Facilitate open discussions about empathy and kindness.
  • Use real-life examples or stories to highlight the importance of understanding others' feelings.
  1. Mindfulness Practices:
  • Introduce mindfulness exercises that help children stay present and aware of their emotions.
  • Techniques like deep breathing or guided imagery can be effective.
  1. Collaborative Projects:
  • Involve children in group projects that require cooperation and mutual support.
  • Activities such as community service or team sports can promote positive social interactions.

Boosting Self-Esteem

Building self-esteem is another essential aspect of helping kids deal with cyberbullying.

  • Encouraging Hobbies:
  • Participation in sports, arts, or other hobbies can help children develop new skills and boost their self-esteem.
  • Setting Achievable Goals:
  • Help children set realistic and achievable goals. Celebrating small victories can significantly enhance their confidence.
  • Positive Reinforcement:
  • Regularly acknowledge and praise children's efforts and accomplishments, no matter how small.
  • Modeling Resilience:
  • Demonstrate resilience in your own behavior. Show how to handle setbacks positively, providing a model for children to emulate.

Practical Tips for Parents

  • Be proactive in discussing the emotional impact of cyberbullying with your child.
  • Create a safe space where your child feels comfortable sharing their experiences without fear of judgment.
  • Encourage them to express their feelings through creative outlets like writing, drawing, or playing music.

By focusing on developing emotional skills and building confidence, parents can equip their children with the tools they need to overcome the trauma associated with cyberbullying effectively.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What is cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is defined as the use of digital technologies, such as social media, text messages, or online forums, to harass, threaten, or intimidate someone. It can take many forms and has significant emotional and psychological effects on children.

How can parents support their children dealing with cyberbullying?

Parents can provide emotional reassurance and support by building trust for open dialogue about bullying experiences. Creating a safe space for children to discuss their feelings and experiences is crucial in helping them cope.

What are some effective strategies for dealing with cyberbullying?

Effective strategies include encouraging breaks from digital devices to reduce stress, teaching specific actions like blocking bullies on platforms, saving evidence for reporting purposes, and establishing open communication with others involved in the situation.

Why is peer support important in combating cyberbullying?

Encouraging peer support helps children feel less isolated and empowers them to stand against bullying together. Building a community of allies fosters resilience against online harassment.

How can schools contribute to anti-bullying efforts?

Schools play a vital role by advocating for comprehensive policies that address all forms of bullying, including those manifested online. Collaborative efforts between parents and schools can lead to effective solutions against cyberharassment.

What long-term strategies can help children recover from the effects of being cyberbullied?

Developing emotional skills and building confidence are essential long-term strategies. Fostering empathy through pro-social behaviors training modules targeted towards youngsters experiencing virtual harassment can also aid in recovery.